AI shows promise but remains limited for heart and stroke care

By American Heart Association News

metamorworks/iStock via Getty Images
(metamorworks/iStock via Getty Images)

人工智能有可能改变心血管护理的许多方面, but not right away, a new report says.

现有的人工智能和机器学习数字工具很有前途 scientific statement from the American Heart Association. 这些工具已经显示出它们可以帮助筛查患者,并指导研究人员开发新的治疗方法. The report was published Wednesday in the journal Circulation.

But, the authors said, 研究还没有表明基于人工智能的工具能改善护理,不足以证明它们的广泛使用是合理的.

“我们迫切需要开发项目,加速人工智能/机器学习工具背后的科学教育, thus accelerating the adoption and creation of manageable, cost-effective, automated processes," Dr. 声明撰写委员会负责人安东尼斯·阿蒙达斯(Antonis Armoundas)在一份声明中说 news release. 他是波士顿马萨诸塞州总医院心血管研究中心的首席研究员.

“我们需要更多基于人工智能/机器学习的精准医疗工具,以帮助解决医学中未被满足的核心需求,这些需求随后可以在强大的临床试验中进行测试," said Armoundas, 他还是哈佛医学院的医学副教授.

该报告是美国心脏协会关于人工智能的第一份科学声明. 它着眼于心血管医学中人工智能和机器学习的研究现状,并提出了安全所需的建议, effective widescale use.

"Here, we present the state of the art, 包括有关特定人工智能应用的最新科学——从成像和可穿戴设备到心电图和遗传学," Armoundas said.

人工智能可以分析数据并做出预测,通常是针对狭义任务. 机器学习使用数学模型和算法来检测大型数据集中的模式,这些模式对人类观察者来说可能并不明显. 深度学习是机器学习的一个子领域,用于图像识别和解释.

研究人员已经使用这些技术来分析电子健康记录,以比较测试和治疗的有效性, and, more recently, to create models that inform care decisions.

该报告指出,数字工具可以通过几种方式帮助心血管患者.

例如,成像对于诊断心脏病发作和中风很重要. 人工智能和机器学习工具可以解决人类解释中的不一致,减轻专家的负担.

AI has helped automate analysis of electrocardiograms, which measure the heart's electrical activity, by identifying subtle results that human experts might not see.

通过可植入和可穿戴技术提供稳定的健康信息流, 人工智能可以帮助远程监控病人,并在出现问题时及时发现.

But the report also spells out many challenges and limits.

With imaging, for example, 人工智能和机器学习在口译考试中的广泛应用具有挑战性,因为可供研究的数据有限. 研究人员还需要证明人工智能技术在每个将被使用的领域都是有效的.

With implantable and wearable tech, 研究差距包括如何确定哪些患者和病症最适合人工智能和机器学习支持的远程监控. 其他问题包括如何解决成本效益、隐私、安全和公平获取等问题.

More broadly, protocols on how information is organized and shared are critical, the report says, and potential ethical, legal and regulatory issues need to be addressed.

虽然人工智能算法提高了解释基因变异和异常的能力, the writing committee warned of limits. Such algorithms, the committee wrote, 仍然需要对容易出错和不准确的人为数据进行培训.


American Heart Association News Stories

美国心脏协会线上电子游戏飞禽走兽报道心脏病、中风和相关健康问题. 并非美国心脏协会线上电子游戏飞禽走兽报道中表达的所有观点都反映了美国心脏协会的官方立场. Statements, conclusions, 发表在美国心脏协会科学期刊上或在美国心脏协会科学会议上的研究的准确性和可靠性完全是研究作者的观点,并不一定反映美国心脏协会的官方指导, policies or positions.

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