心脏药物的种类

If you've had a heart attack, you will most likely be prescribed some medications that you will take for the rest of your life.

有许多类型和组合的药物用于治疗 冠状动脉疾病(CAD)，你的医疗团队会根据你的情况决定最好的治疗方案.

以下是许多心脏药物的简要介绍. 您的处方可能与这张表上列出的名字不同. 在美国常见的品牌名称.S. 在每种药物的通用名称后的括号中显示.

*Some of the major types of commonly prescribed cardiovascular medications are summarized in this section. 供参考, we have included generic names as well as major trade names to help you identify what you may be taking. However, 美国心脏协会不推荐或认可任何特定的产品. 如果你的药物不在这张单子上, remember that your health care team and pharmacist are your best sources of information. It's important to discuss all of the drugs you take with them and understand their desired effects and possible side effects. Never stop taking a medication and never change your dose or frequency without first consulting the prescribing health care professional.

• Anticoagulants
• 抗血小板药物和双重抗血小板治疗
• ACE inhibitors
• 血管紧张素受体阻滞剂
• 血管紧张素受体-肾上腺素抑制剂
• Beta blockers
• 钙通道阻滞剂
• 降胆固醇药物
• 洋地黄制剂
• Diuretics
• Vasodilators

Anticoagulants

(也被称为血液稀释剂.)

一些常用的处方包括:

• Apixaban (Eliquis) 
• Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
• Edoxaban (Savaysa)
• Heparin (various)
• Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
• Warfarin (Coumadin)

药物的作用

降低血液的凝血(凝固)能力. 有时被称为血液稀释剂，尽管它们实际上并不能稀释血液. They do not dissolve existing blood clots and are used to treat certain blood vessel, 心脏和肺部疾病.

用药原因

• 有助于防止血栓在血管中形成.
• 可以防止血栓变大并引起更严重的问题吗.
• 常用于预防首次或复发性中风或心脏病发作.

抗血小板药物和双重抗血小板治疗(DAPT)

一些常用的处方包括:

• Aspirin
• Clopidogrel (Plavix)
• 双嘧达莫(Persantine)
• 普拉格雷(完善)
• Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

药物的作用

Keeps blood clots from forming by preventing blood platelets from sticking together.

用药原因

• 有助于防止有血栓的人 heart attack不稳定型心绞痛缺血性中风 TIA (短暂性脑缺血发作)和其他形式的心血管疾病.
• Can also be used preventively when plaque buildup is evident but there is not yet a major blockage in the artery.
• Certain people will be prescribed aspirin combined with another antiplatelet drug – also known as dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). 

双重抗血小板治疗(DAPT)

有些人有心脏病, 在冠状动脉中植入支架, or undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) are treated with two types of antiplatelet agents at the same time to prevent blood clotting. 这被称为双重抗血小板治疗(DAPT).

一种抗血小板药物是阿司匹林. 几乎所有冠状动脉疾病患者, 包括那些心脏病发作过的人, stent, 或冠脉搭桥患者在他们的余生中都要服用阿司匹林. 第二种类型的抗血小板药物，称为P2Y₁₂ inhibitor, is usually prescribed for months or years in addition to the aspirin therapy.

The type of medication and the duration of your treatment will vary based on your condition and other risk factors. 应与您的医疗团队讨论DAPT的风险和益处.

How long you need to take this medicine depends on why it’s being prescribed and your future risk of blood clots and bleeding.

• If you had a heart attack, it is recommended that you be on it for at least a year. 如果你没有很高的出血风险, taking it longer may lower your risk of future heart attack.
• 如果你接受了“裸金属”支架，你有很高的出血风险, 你的健康护理专家可能会决定给你一个P2Y₁₂ 在较短的线上电子游戏飞禽走兽内使用抑制剂以减少出血的机会. However, 如果你出血的风险较低, 你可能接受了药物洗脱支架的治疗, 你可能需要服用DAPT 6-12个月或更长线上电子游戏飞禽走兽. 如果你没有很高的出血风险, a longer duration may lower your risk of future heart attack and clotting of the stent. 你要按医嘱服药，这很重要. Stopping it on your own can lead to increased risk of clots forming inside the stent, 尤其是在最初的几个月.
• 如果你有冠脉搭桥，你可能会接受P2Y治疗₁₂ 手术后服用抑制剂一年.

If you have questions about your treatment, talk to your primary health care professional.

在DAPT上打印患者信息表(PDF).

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂

一些常用的处方包括:

• 贝那普利(洛汀新)
• 卡托普利(开博通)
• Enalapril (Vasotec)
• Fosinopril (Monopril)
• 赖诺普利
• Moexipril (Univasc)
• Perindopril (Aceon)
• Quinapril (Accupril)
• Ramipril (Altace)
• Trandolapril (Mavik) 

药物的作用

通过扩张血管降低血压. 这减少了心脏的工作量.

用药原因

• 用于治疗或改善心血管疾病的症状，包括 high blood pressure and heart failure.
• 它们还对心脏病患者的健康有益.

血管紧张素受体阻断剂(或抑制剂)

(也称为arb)

一些常用的处方包括:

• Azilsartan (Edarbi)
• 坎地沙坦(Atacand)
• Eprosartan (Teveten)
• Irbesartan (Avapro)
• Losartan (Cozaar)
• Olmesartan (Benicar) 
• 替米沙坦(Micardis) 
• Valsartan (Diovan) 

药物的作用

血管紧张素受体阻滞剂 prevent angiotensin II from having any effect on the heart and blood vessels. 这可以防止血压升高.

用药原因

• 用于治疗或改善心血管疾病的症状，包括 high blood pressure and heart failure.

血管紧张素受体-神经球蛋白抑制剂(ARNIs)

aris是一种由neprilysin抑制剂和ARB组成的药物组合.

常用处方包括:

• Sacubitril /缬沙坦(Entresto)

药物的作用

aris改善动脉开放和血液流动, 减少钠(盐)潴留, 减少对心脏的压力.

用药原因

• 用于治疗心力衰竭

Beta blockers

(也被称为-肾上腺素能阻滞剂)

一些常用的处方包括:

• 醋丁洛尔(Sectral)
• Atenolol (Tenormin)
• Betaxolol (Kerlone)
• 比索洛尔/氢氯噻嗪(Ziac)
• Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
• 美托洛尔(降压药，托洛尔XL)
• Nadolol (Corgard)
• 普萘洛尔(心得安)
• Sotalol (Betapace)

药物的作用

减慢心率和收缩力, which lowers blood pressure and makes the heart beat more slowly and with less force.

用药原因

• 用来治疗某些类型的心脏病, high blood pressure, chest pain (angina) caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle and some arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms).
• 用于帮助已经心脏病发作的人预防未来的心脏病发作.

联合阻断剂和阻断剂

联合阻断剂和阻断剂 are used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.

一些常用的处方包括:

• 卡维地洛(Coreg, Coreg CR)
• 盐酸拉贝他洛尔(诺莫达因、特朗达)

联合α和β受体阻滞剂可能产生的副作用:

• 会导致你站起来时血压下降吗.

钙通道阻滞剂

(也称为钙拮抗剂或钙阻滞剂)

一些常用的处方包括:

• 氨氯地平(Norvasc)
• 地尔硫卓(Cardizem, Tiazac)
• 非洛地平(Plendil)
• 硝苯地平(阿达拉特，普罗卡地亚)
• Nimodipine (Nimotop)
• Nisoldipine (Sular)
• 维拉帕米(Calan, Verelan)

药物的作用

阻断钙进入心脏和血管细胞的运动. 可能会降低心脏的泵送强度，放松血管.

用药原因

• 用于治疗高血压, chest pain (angina) caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle and some arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms).

降胆固醇药物

一些常用的处方包括:

• 他汀类:阿托伐他汀(立普妥), Fluvastatin (Lescol), 洛伐他汀(洛伐他汀), Pitavastatin (Livalo), 普伐他汀()), 伐(可定), 辛伐他汀(辛伐他汀)
• 烟酸:烟酸
• 胆固醇吸收抑制剂:依折替米贝(Zetia)
• Combination statin and cholesterol absorption inhibitors: Ezetimibe/Simvastatin (Vytorin)

药物的作用

各种药物可以降低血液中的胆固醇水平, but drugs other than statins are usually only used for patients in whom statins are not effective or who have serious side effects from statin therapy. 它们在体内以不同的方式起作用. 有些会影响肝脏, some work in the intestines and some interrupt the formation of cholesterol from circulating in the blood. 观看他汀类药物如何起作用的动画.

用药原因

用于降低低密度脂蛋白(“坏”)胆固醇.

*一些降胆固醇药物可能与葡萄柚相互作用, grapefruit juice, 石榴和石榴汁. 请向您的医疗保健专业人员咨询任何潜在的风险. 

洋地黄制剂 

常用处方包括:

• Digoxin (Lanoxin)

药物的作用

增加心脏跳动的力量，减缓过快的心率. 对治疗心力衰竭和心律不齐有益吗.

用药原因

• 用于缓解心力衰竭症状, especially when the patient isn't responding to other standard treatments including ACE inhibitors, ARBs and diuretics.
• 还可以减缓某些类型的不规则心跳(心律失常)，特别是 atrial fibrillation.

Diuretics

(又称水丸)

一些常用的处方包括:

• 乙酰唑胺(乙酰唑胺)
• Amiloride (Midamor)
• Bumetanide (Bumex)
• 氯噻嗪(氯噻嗪)
• 氯噻酮(Hygroton)
• Furosemide (Lasix)
• 氢氯噻嗪(Esidrix, Hydrodiuril)
• Indapamide (Lozol) 
• Metalozone (Zaroxolyn)
• 螺内酯(螺内酯)
• Torsemide (Demadex)

药物的作用

使身体通过排尿排出多余的液体和钠. 有助于减少心脏的负荷. 还可以减少肺部和身体其他部位的积液, 比如脚踝和腿. 不同的利尿剂通过不同的方法以不同的速率排出液体.

用药原因

• Used to help lower blood pressure and help reduce swelling (edema) from excess buildup of fluid in the body.

Vasodilators

一些常用的处方包括:

• 硝酸异山梨酯(异索地尔)
• 单硝酸异山梨酯(Imdur)
• 肼苯哒嗪(肼苯哒嗪)
• 硝化甘油(Nitro Bid, Nitro Stat)
• Minoxidil

药物的作用

Widens (dilates) the blood vessels so the blood flows more easily and the heart doesn’t have to work as hard and decreases blood pressure. 

A category of vasodilators called nitrates increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload which can ease chest pain (angina). Nitroglycerin is available as a pill to be swallowed or absorbed under the tongue (sublingual), a spray, 作为外用(面霜).

用药原因

• Used to ease chest pain (angina)
• 用于治疗原发性高血压
• 治疗妊娠引起的高血压